Interleukin 5

 Interleukin 5 (IL5) is an interleukin produced by type-2 T helper cells and mast cells.

IL5
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 3VA2, 1HUL, 3QT2
Identifiers
Aliases	IL5, EDF, IL-5, TRF, interleukin 5
External IDs	OMIM: 147850 MGI: 96557 HomoloGene: 679 GeneCards: IL5
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 5 (human)[1] Band 5q31.1 Start 132,541,445 bp[1] End 132,556,838 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 11 (mouse)[2] Band 11 B1.3|11 31.99 cM Start 53,720,794 bp[2] End 53,725,106 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • interleukin-5 receptor binding • GO:0001948 protein binding • growth factor activity • protein tyrosine kinase activity • Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity • cytokine activity Cellular component • extracellular region • intracellular • extracellular Biological process • positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity • positive regulation of podosome assembly • MAPK cascade • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • immune response • positive regulation of cell proliferation • positive regulation of eosinophil differentiation • positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation • inflammatory response • positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade • peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation • positive regulation of B cell proliferation • positive regulation of immunoglobulin secretion • regulation of receptor activity • cytokine-mediated signaling pathway Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	3567	16191
Ensembl	ENSG00000113525	ENSMUSG00000036117
UniProt	P05113	P04401
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000879	NM_010558
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000870	NP_034688
Location (UCSC)	Chr 5: 132.54 – 132.56 Mb	Chr 11: 53.72 – 53.73 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

FunctionEdit

Through binding to the interleukin-5 receptor, interleukin 5 stimulates B cell growth and increases immunoglobulin secretion - primarily IgA. It is also a key mediator in eosinophil activation.

StructureEdit

IL-5 is a 115-amino acid (in human, 133 in the mouse) -long TH2 cytokine that is part of the hematopoietic family. Unlike other members of this cytokine family (namely interleukin 3 and GM-CSF), this glycoprotein in its active form is a homodimer.^[5]

Tissue expressionEdit

The IL-5 gene is located on chromosome 11 in the mouse, and chromosome 5 in humans, in close proximity to the genes encoding IL-3, IL-4, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF),^[6][7] which are often co-expressed in TH2 cells. Interleukin-5 is also expressed by eosinophils^[8] and has been observed in the mast cells of asthmatic airways by immunohistochemistry.^[9] IL-5 expression is regulated by several transcription factors including GATA3.^[10]

Clinical significanceEdit

Interleukin-5 has long been associated with the cause of several allergic diseases including allergic rhinitis and asthma, wherein a large increase in the number of circulating, airway tissue, and induced sputum eosinophils have been observed.^[11] Given the high concordance of eosinophils and, in particular, allergic asthma pathology, it has been widely speculated that eosinophils have an important role in the pathology of this disease.^[12]

Drugs that target IL-5 are mepolizumab and reslizumab.

Effect on eosinophilsEdit

Eosinophils are terminally differentiated granulocytes found in most mammals. The principal role of these cells, in a healthy host, is the elimination of antibody bound parasites through the release of cytotoxic granule proteins.^[13] Given that eosinophils are the primary IL-5Rα-expressing cells, it is not surprising that this cell type responds to IL-5. In fact, IL-5 was originally discovered as an eosinophil colony-stimulating factor,^[14] is a major regulator of eosinophil accumulation in tissues, and can modulate eosinophil behavior at every stage from maturation to survival. Mepolizumab is a monoclonal antibody against IL-5 which can reduce excessive eosinophilia.

In Hodgkin lymphoma, for instance, the typically-observed eosinophilia is thought to be attributable to an increased production of IL-5.^[15]

InteractionsEdit

Interleukin 5 has been shown to interact with Interleukin 5 receptor alpha subunit.^[16][17][18]

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article  Metasyntactic variable, which is released under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.