Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist

 The interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL1RN gene.^[5][6]

IL1RN
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1ILR, 1ILT, 1IRA, 1IRP, 2IRT
Identifiers
Aliases	IL1RN, DIRA, ICIL-1RA, IL-1RN, IL-1ra, IL-1ra3, IL1F3, IL1RA, IRAP, MVCD4, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist
External IDs	OMIM: 147679 MGI: 96547 HomoloGene: 11163 GeneCards: IL1RN
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 2 (human)[1] Band 2q14.1 Start 113,107,214 bp[1] End 113,134,016 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 2 (mouse)[2] Band 2 A3|2 16.36 cM Start 24,336,853 bp[2] End 24,351,494 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • interleukin-1 Type I receptor antagonist activity • interleukin-1, Type II receptor binding • GO:0001948 protein binding • interleukin-1, Type I receptor binding • interleukin-1 Type II receptor antagonist activity • interleukin-1 receptor binding • cytokine activity • interleukin-1 receptor antagonist activity Cellular component • cytoplasm • vesicle • cell membrane • intracellular • extracellular region • extracellular exosome • extracellular Biological process • negative regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway • lipid metabolism • response to glucocorticoid • insulin secretion • acute-phase response • negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion • negative regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway • inflammatory response • immune response • fever generation • regulation of receptor activity • cytokine-mediated signaling pathway • neutrophil chemotaxis • positive regulation of interleukin-6 production • positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling • positive regulation of JNK cascade • interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway • cellular response to lipopolysaccharide Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	3557	16181
Ensembl	ENSG00000136689	ENSMUSG00000026981
UniProt	P18510	P25085
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000577 NM_173841 NM_173842 NM_173843 NM_001318914 NM_001379360	NM_001039701 NM_001159562 NM_031167
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000568 NP_001305843 NP_776213 NP_776214 NP_776215 NP_001366289	NP_001034790 NP_001153034 NP_112444
Location (UCSC)	Chr 2: 113.11 – 113.13 Mb	Chr 2: 24.34 – 24.35 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

IL-1RA was initially called the IL-1 inhibitor and was discovered separately in 1984 by two independent laboratories.^[7] IL-1RA is an agent that binds non-productively to the cell surface interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R), the same receptor that binds interleukin 1 (IL-1), preventing IL-1 from sending a signal to that cell.

FunctionEdit

IL-1RA is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. IL1Ra is secreted by various types of cells including immune cells, epithelial cells, and adipocytes, and is a natural inhibitor of the pro-inflammatory effect of IL1β.^[8] This protein inhibits the activities of interleukin 1, alpha (IL1A) and interleukin 1, beta (IL1B), and modulates a variety of interleukin 1 related immune and inflammatory responses. This gene and five other closely related cytokine genes form a gene cluster spanning approximately 400 kb on chromosome 2. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.^[9]

Clinical significanceEdit

A polymorphism of this gene is reported to be associated with increased risk of osteoporotic fractures^[10] and gastric cancer.^[11]

Mutations in the IL1RN gene results in a rare disease called deficiency of the interleukin-1–receptor antagonist (DIRA).^[12] Variants of the IL1RN gene is also associated with risk of schizophrenia.^[13][14] Elevated levels of IL1RN has been found in serum of schizophrenia patients.^[15]

A recombinant, slightly modified version of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist called anakinra is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease in which IL-1 plays a key role.^[16] Anakinra differs from native human IL-1Ra in that it has the addition of a single methionine residue at its amino terminus ^[17]

Use in horsesEdit

Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist is used in horses for the treatment of equine lameness secondary to joint and soft-tissue injury.

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article  Metasyntactic variable, which is released under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.