ANGPTL3

 Angiopoietin-like 3, also known as ANGPTL3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ANGPTL3 gene.^[5][6]

ANGPTL3
Identifiers
Aliases	ANGPTL3, ANG-5, ANGPT5, ANL3, FHBL2, angiopoietin like 3
External IDs	OMIM: 604774 MGI: 1353627 HomoloGene: 8499 GeneCards: ANGPTL3
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human)[1] Band 1p31.3 Start 62,597,520 bp[1] End 62,606,313 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 4 (mouse)[2] Band 4 C6|4 45.6 cM Start 99,030,954 bp[2] End 99,046,111 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • phospholipase inhibitor activity • GO:0048551 enzyme inhibitor activity • integrin binding • growth factor activity • heparin binding Cellular component • Golgi apparatus • cell surface • early endosome • cell projection • lamellipodium • extracellular region • extracellular Biological process • phospholipid homeostasis • positive regulation of cell migration • positive regulation of lipid catabolic process • lipid storage • cholesterol metabolic process • fatty acid metabolic process • positive regulation of angiogenesis • artery morphogenesis • lipid homeostasis • phospholipid catabolic process • integrin-mediated signaling pathway • negative regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity • response to hormone • phospholipid metabolic process • cholesterol homeostasis • acylglycerol homeostasis • cell-matrix adhesion • glycerol metabolic process • negative regulation of phospholipase activity • triglyceride homeostasis • signal transduction • lipid metabolism • cell adhesion • angiogenesis • regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity • regulation of receptor activity Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	27329	30924
Ensembl	ENSG00000132855	ENSMUSG00000028553
UniProt	Q9Y5C1	Q9R182
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_014495	NM_013913
RefSeq (protein)	NP_055310	NP_038941
Location (UCSC)	Chr 1: 62.6 – 62.61 Mb	Chr 4: 99.03 – 99.05 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

FunctionEdit

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the angiopoietin-like family of secreted factors. It is expressed predominantly in the liver, and has the characteristic structure of angiopoietins, consisting of a signal peptide, N-terminal coiled-coil domain, and the C-terminal fibrinogen (FBN)-like domain. The FBN-like domain in angiopoietin-like 3 protein was shown to bind alpha-5/beta-3 integrins, and this binding induced endothelial cell adhesion and migration. This protein may also play a role in the regulation of angiogenesis.^[5]

Angptl3 also acts as dual inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and endothelial lipase (EL),^[7] thereby increasing plasma triglyceride, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol in mice and humans.^[7]

ANGPTL3 inhibits endothelial lipase hydrolysis of HDL-phospholipid (PL), thereby increasing HDL-PL levels.^{[citation needed]} Circulating PL-rich HDL particles have high cholesterol efflux abilities.^{[citation needed]}

Angptl3 plays a major role in promoting uptake of circulating triglycerides into white adipose tissue in the fed state,^[8] likely through activation by Angptl8, a feeding-induced hepatokine,^[9][10] to inhibit postprandial LPL activity in cardiac and skeletal muscles,^[11] as suggested by the ANGPTL3-4-8 model.^[12]

Clinical significanceEdit

In human, ANGPTL3 is a determinant factor of HDL level and positively correlates with plasma HDL cholesterol.

In humans with genetic loss-of-function variants in one copy of ANGPTL3, the serum LDL-C levels are reduced. In those with loss-of-function variants in both copies of ANGPTL3, low LDL-C, low HDL-C, and low triglycerides are seen ("familial combined hypolipidemia").^[13]

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article  Metasyntactic variable, which is released under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.