Sp1 transcription factor

 Transcription factor Sp1, also known as specificity protein 1* is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SP1 gene.^[5]

SP1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1SP1, 1SP2, 1VA1, 1VA2, 1VA3
Identifiers
Aliases	SP1, entrez:6667, Sp1 transcription factor
External IDs	OMIM: 189906 MGI: 98372 HomoloGene: 8276 GeneCards: SP1
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 12 (human)[1] Band 12q13.13 Start 53,380,176 bp[1] End 53,416,446 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 15 (mouse)[2] Band 15|15 F3 Start 102,406,143 bp[2] End 102,436,404 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • protein homodimerization activity • HMG box domain binding • transcription factor binding • histone deacetylase binding • metal ion binding • transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding • bHLH transcription factor binding • protein C-terminus binding • GO:0001948 protein binding • histone acetyltransferase binding • RNA polymerase II repressing transcription factor binding • nucleic acid binding • sequence-specific DNA binding • RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding • DNA binding • double-stranded DNA binding • GO:0001077, GO:0001212, GO:0001213, GO:0001211, GO:0001205 DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific • repressing transcription factor binding • GO:0001131, GO:0001151, GO:0001130, GO:0001204 DNA-binding transcription factor activity • GO:0000980 RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding • core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding • GO:0001200, GO:0001133, GO:0001201 DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific • GO:0001158 core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding Cellular component • cytoplasm • nucleoplasm • protein-DNA complex • cell nucleus • nuclear chromatin • transcriptional repressor complex Biological process • positive regulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process • rhythmic process • regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • GO:0022415 viral process • regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • transcription, DNA-templated • snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • cellular response to insulin stimulus • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process • positive regulation of gene expression • positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration • positive regulation of angiogenesis • positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation • response to hydroperoxide Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	6667	20683
Ensembl	ENSG00000185591	ENSMUSG00000001280
UniProt	P08047	O89090
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001251825 NM_003109 NM_138473	NM_013672
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001238754 NP_003100 NP_612482	NP_038700
Location (UCSC)	Chr 12: 53.38 – 53.42 Mb	Chr 15: 102.41 – 102.44 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

FunctionEdit

The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger transcription factor that binds to GC-rich motifs of many promoters. The encoded protein is involved in many cellular processes, including cell differentiation, cell growth, apoptosis, immune responses, response to DNA damage, and chromatin remodeling. Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, O-GlcNAcylation, and proteolytic processing significantly affect the activity of this protein, which can be an activator or a repressor.^[5]

In the SV40 virus, Sp1 binds to the GC boxes in the regulatory region (RR) of the genome.

StructureEdit

SP1 belongs to the Sp/KLF family of transcription factors. The protein is 785 amino acids long, with a molecular weight of 81 kDa. The SP1 transcription factor contains a zinc finger protein motif, by which it binds directly to DNA and enhances gene transcription. Its zinc fingers are of the Cys₂/His₂ type and bind the consensus sequence 5'-(G/T)GGGCGG(G/A)(G/A)(C/T)-3' (GC box element). Some 12,000 SP-1 binding sites are found in the human genome.^[6]

ApplicationsEdit

Sp1 has been used as a control protein to compare with when studying the increase or decrease of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and/or the estrogen receptor, since it binds to both and generally remains at a relatively constant level.^[7]

InhibitorsEdit

Plicamycin, an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces plicatus, and Withaferin A, a steroidal lactone from Withania somnifera plant are known to inhibit Sp1 transcription factor.^[8][9]

miR-375-5p microRNA significantly decreased expression of SP1 and YAP1 in colorectal cancer cells. SP1 and YAP1 mRNAs are direct targets of miR-375-5p.^[10]

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article  Metasyntactic variable, which is released under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.