SMC5

 Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 5 is a protein encoded by the SMC5 gene in human.^[1][2]

The structural maintenance of chromosomes' complex underlying mechanisms involved in the dynamics of chromatin dynamics is unknown, and new discoveries are shedding light on the various functions.^[3] The SMC complex mediates long-distance interactions that enable higher-order folding of chromatin in interphase. The SMC complex has an ATPase activity, a conserved kleisin, as well as regulatory subunits.^[3] SMC protein complexes are involved in DNA repair, transcriptional pathways, regulation of chromosome segregation, and immunity in Arabidopsis. In eukaryotes the structural maintenance chromosomes consists of cohesin (SMC1 AND SMC3), condensin (SMC2 and SMC4), and SMC5/6 complexes.

StructureEdit

The Smc5/6 complex was discovered in fission yeast. RAD18 (SMC6), the DNA damage gene in fission yeast, also encodes an SMC-like protein and forms a heterodimeric complex with Spr18 (SMC5) protein.^[4][5] In yeast, SMC5/6 complex has sub-units which consists of SMC5, SMC6 and six nonstructural maintenance of chromosomes (NSE) proteins. Nse1-Nse3-Nse4 subunits bridge the Smc5 head Smc6 and allow the binding of DNA.

SMC5
Identifiers
Aliases	SMC5, SMC5L1, structural maintenance of chromosomes 5
External IDs	OMIM: 609386 MGI: 2385088 HomoloGene: 41009 GeneCards: SMC5
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 9 (human)[6] Band 9q21.12 Start 70,258,978 bp[6] End 70,354,873 bp[6]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 19 (mouse)[7] Band 19|19 B Start 23,206,451 bp[7] End 23,273,897 bp[7]
Gene ontology Molecular function • nucleotide binding • GO:0001948 protein binding • ATP binding Cellular component • site of double-strand break • PML body • Smc5-Smc6 complex • chromosome • chromosome, telomeric region • cell junction • interchromatin granule • cell nucleus • nucleoplasm • nuclear speck • sex chromosome Biological process • DNA recombination • positive regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion • cellular response to DNA damage stimulus • cell division • telomere maintenance via recombination • cellular senescence • positive regulation of chromosome segregation • double-strand break repair via homologous recombination • cell cycle • double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining • DNA repair • sister chromatid cohesion Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	23137	226026
Ensembl	ENSG00000198887	ENSMUSG00000024943
UniProt	Q8IY18	Q8CG46
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_015110	NM_001252684 NM_001252685 NM_153808
RefSeq (protein)	NP_055925	NP_001239613 NP_001239614 NP_722503
Location (UCSC)	Chr 9: 70.26 – 70.35 Mb	Chr 19: 23.21 – 23.27 Mb
PubMed search	[8]	[9]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

It is involved in the Alternative lengthening of telomeres cancer mechanism.^[10]

Role in recombination and meiosis

Smc5 and Smc6 proteins form a heterodimeric ring-like structure and, together with other non-SMC elements, form the SMC-5/6 complex. In the worm Caenorhabditis elegans this complex interacts with the HIM-6(BLM) helicase to promote meiotic recombination intermediate processing and chromosome maturation.^[11] The SMC-5/6 complex in mouse oocytes is essential for the formation of segregation competent bivalents during meiosis.^[12] In humans, a chromosome breakage syndrome characterized by severe lung disease in early childhood is associated with a mutation in a component of the SMC-5/6 complex.^[13] Patient's cells display chromosome rearrangements, micronuclei, sensitivity to DNA damage and defective homologous recombination.

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article  Metasyntactic variable, which is released under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.