APOA4

 Apolipoprotein A-IV (also known as apoA-IV, apoAIV, or apoA4) is plasma protein that is the product of the human gene APOA4.^[5][6]

APOA4
Identifiers
Aliases	APOA4, apolipoprotein A4
External IDs	OMIM: 107690 MGI: 88051 HomoloGene: 47927 GeneCards: APOA4
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 11 (human)[1] Band 11q23.3 Start 116,820,700 bp[1] End 116,823,304 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 9 (mouse)[2] Band 9 A5.2|9 25.36 cM Start 46,240,696 bp[2] End 46,243,459 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	337	11808
Ensembl	ENSG00000110244	ENSMUSG00000032080
UniProt	n a	P06728
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000482	NM_007468
RefSeq (protein)	n/a	NP_031494
Location (UCSC)	Chr 11: 116.82 – 116.82 Mb	Chr 9: 46.24 – 46.24 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

GeneEdit

APOA4 resides on chromosome 11 in close linkage to APOA1 and APOC3. APOA4 contains 3 exons separated by two introns, and is polymorphic, although most of the reported sequence polymorphisms occur in exon 3. The best validated and studied non-synonymous SNPs are a glutamine → histidine substitution at codon 360 and a threonine → serine substitution at codon 347; a sequence polymorphism has also been identified in the 3'UTR of the third exon.^[7] Intra-species comparative gene sequence analysis suggests that the APOA4 gene arose from APOA1 by gene duplication approximately 270 MYA.^[8]

FunctionEdit

The primary translation product of the APOA4 gene is a 396-residue preprotein, which undergoes proteolytic processing to yield apo A-IV, a 376-residue mature O-linked glycoprotein. In most mammals, including humans, apo A-IV synthesis is confined to the intestine; however in mice and rats hepatic synthesis also occurs. Apo A-IV is secreted into circulation on the surface of newly synthesized chylomicron particles. Intestinal fat absorption dramatically increases the synthesis and secretion of apo A-IV. Although its primary function in human lipid metabolism has not been established, apo A-IV has been found to:

• activate lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase and cholesterylester transfer protein in vitro;
• play a role in the regulation of appetite and satiety in rodent models;
• display anti-oxidant and anti-atherogenic properties in vitro and in rodent models;
• modulate the efficiency of enterocyte and hepatic transcellular lipid transport in vitro.^[7]

Human apo A-IV deficiency has not been reported.

InteractionsEdit

APOA4 has been shown to interact with GPLD1.^[9]

Interactive pathway mapEdit

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. ^{[§ 1]}

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|px|alt=Statin Pathway edit]]

Statin Pathway edit

1. ^ The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "Statin_Pathway_WP430".

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article  Metasyntactic variable, which is released under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.